Buoyant electrical cables

ABSTRACT

A cable for marine applications includes a series of discrete noncollapsible or rigid buoyant members carried inside a sheath which serves to hydrodynamically streamline the cable as well as providing electrical insulation. The cable in addition to containing electrical conductors does contain other elements such as fiber optics, hydraulic liners and wire or glass ropes. Furthermore, the buoyancy elements are sized to ensure neutral buoyancy and are formed to be relatively noncollapsible to provide the neutrally buoyant capability irrespective of changing ambient pressures.

XR 3 766,307 I SEARCHROOM Unite 31% 1111 3,766,387

Andrews, Jr. 1 Get. 16, 1973 SUBQTITHTF H11? MIQQlNG XR BUOYANT ELECTRICAL CABLES plex Electronic Cables-P. 25.

[76] lnventor: Daniel E. Andrews, .lr., San Diego,

Calif Primary Examiner-E. A. Goldberg [22] Filed: Aug. 25, 1972 AttrneyRichard S. Sciascia et al.

{21] Appl. No.: 284,009

[52] U.S. Cl 174/47, 174/36, 174/70 R, [57] ABSTRACT 174/1015,174/115,174/116 [51] Int. Cl. H011) 7/12 A cable f marine applications includes a Series of Fleld of Search 47, R, discrete noncollapsible or buoyant members ar- 174/115 116 ried inside a sheath which serves to hydrodynamically streamline the cable as well as providing electrical in- [56] References Cited 'sulation. The cable in addition to containing electrical UNITED STATES PATENTS conductors does contain other elements such as fiber 3,272,910 9/1966 Flint 174/1015 Optics, hydraulic liners and wire or glass p 3,304,364 2/1967 Hetherington..... thermore, the buoyancy elements are sized to ensure 3,5l7,1 6/1970 Morgan 174/1015 X neutral buoyancy and are formed to be relatively non- 9, 8 12/1970 p collapsible to provide the neutrally buoyant capability 3,660,590 5/1972 Conant 174 47 irrespective f changing ambient pressures.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Electronic Design Vol. 1 1, No. 16, Aug. 2, l963-Sim- 19 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures 3 Sheets-Sheet l Patented Oct. 16, 1973 3,766,307

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 16, 1973 3,766,307

, 3 Sheets-Sheet S 1 BUOYANT ELECTRICAL CABLES STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Cables containing electrical conductors adapted for marine use are many and varied in design. Cables suit ably waterproofed and containing buoyant sections routinely are employed and nearly all these cables have teken advantage of the water's buoying effect to lessen the cables tensile strength requirements. Usually, the end result takes the form of a floating cable floating on the waters surface. However, in most situations where these floating cables have been used, their vulnerability requires that ships be barred from passage through their vicinity. Additionally, a floating cable is not desirable'where the cable's location should remain unknown from unfriendly eyes. Attempts to utilize the older techniques employed in the design of floating cables for the construction of neutrally buoyant ones to be used beneath the surface of the water have largely proven to be unsatisfactory. The compliant compartments and flexible plastic foams internally carried for buoyancy purposes for floating cables do not adapt themselves for undersea use. As greater depths are encountered, the crushing pressure collapse the buoyant compartments. With the cable's buoyancy steadily diminishing, the cables weight often causes, failure of either the cable or the associated system. The weight of an appreciable length of cable having collapsed flotation elements could, for example, spell disaster to a submersible tethered to a habitat by one of the collapsible cables. One noteworthy attempt to create a neutrally buoyant marine cable involved selecting a waterproof, negatively buoyant cable and externally affixing rigid, hollow floats along spaced intervals. The number of floats and their spacing is precalculated to provide a neutrally buoyant cable. The biggest drawback of this design becomes apparent as the cable is being playedout or retrieved. The floats, not lending themselves to storage on a drum, must be removed or attached in a time-consuming procedure as the cable is being recovered or deployed. One other approach worth mentioning here calls for weaving fabric strands about a bundle of electrical conductors and covering the weaved fabric with a waterproofing sheath. Interconnected spaces and voids are created in the interwoven fabric strands defining a continuous air sac for buoying the heavier electrical conductors and wire rope. The main shortcoming of this design is the creation of a single continuous air sac. When only one small point in its waterproof sheath becomes pierced by a foreign object, water leaks into the cable and floods the continuous air sac to destroy the cable's buoyancy throughout its length. In addition, if this design, or for that matter any of the aforedescribed designs, are towed through the water at a high speed or need to function as the towing cable, the longitudinal, tensile stresses created due to the towing further compress the buoyant spaces. A continuing need within the state of the art exists for a marine cable containing discrete buoyant sections and having a streamlined outer surface and flexibility for permitting the use of reels and its storage on a drum, as well as inherently possessing high-speed-towing strength characteristics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A cable for marine application includes a means for providing continuous longitudinal strength having a flexibility to allow the use of reels and curved storage on a drum and additionally for providing electrical conductors hydraulic lines and fiber-optic bundles. A casing provides improved hydrodynamic characteristics and also contains a plurality of discrete longitudinally spaced buoyant sections sized for ensuring a predetermined buoyancy for neutrally buoying up the cable and fabricated for being relatively nondeforrnable by changing ambient pressures.

A prime object of the invention is to provide a neutrally buoyant cable for marine applications.

Another object is to provide a marine cable having a plurality of discrete buoyant sections relatively uneffected by ambient pressures.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a marine cable having a sufficient tensile strength to allow its use in high speed towing.

Yet another object is to provide a neutrally-buoyant marine cable having an outer surface with improved hydrodynamic characteristics.

A further object is to provide a marine cable having nondeformable buoyant sections rendering the cable neutrally buoyant irrespective of ambient pressure.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a marine cable fabricated to allow the use of reels and curved storage on a drum and being readily deployed and retrieved with no structural modification.

Another object is to provide a cable having otherwise deformable voids filled to retain the cables predetermined buoyancy irrespective of changing pressures.

These and other objects of the invention will become more readily apparent from the ensuing specification when taken with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 'FIG. 1 is an isometric view shown partly in exploded section of one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1a shows a cross-sectional representation of the flotation strip generally taken along lines l-l in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view shown partially in exploded section of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view shown partly in cross section of another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4a is an isometric cross-sectional view taken generally along lines 4-4 in FIG. 3 showing one type of the buoyant-compartment end closure.

FIG. 4a is an end view taken generally along lines 4a'4a' in FIG. 40.

FIG. 4a" is a cross-sectional view of the type of buoyant-compartment end closures shown in FIG. 4a.

FIG. 4b is another type of buoyant-compartment end closure taken generally along lines 4-? in FIG. 3.

FIG. 4b is an end view taken generally along lines 4b4b' in FIG. 4b.

FIG. 4b" is a cross-sectional view of the other type buoyant-compartment end closure shown in FIG. 4b.

FIG. 5 is yet another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is still another embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings, there are disclosed several embodiments of the invention each presenting a streamlined, hydrodynamically noise-free surface and including noncollapsible buoyant sections while possessing sufficient tensile strength characteristics. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, for example, a length of ductors 11 functionally cooperate to provide a means for providing a continuous tensile strength while simultaneously providing an electrical conductor. Any spaces or voids inadvertently created as these elements are assembled are filled with a plastic filler II to eliminate pressure collapsible spaces which would otherwise allow variation of the cables buoyancy as a function of ambient pressures. Furthermore, this plastic filler is injected to fill all buoying spaces not intentionally designed or provided for during manufacture which may be created between other elements to be elaborated on below.

Any length of such a cable consisting only of the wire rope and conductors is heavy and would be suitable only where it is to lie on the bottom of a body ofwater. Certainly, this negatively buoyant design could not link a tethered vehicle to a command submersible. Particularly with respect to the embodiment thusly described, neutral buoyancy is created by the unique inclusion of a helically mounted flotation strip 12 along the longitudinal reaches of the cable. The flotation strip is made up of a series ofjuxtaposedflotation elements 13 each generally having the configuration of parallelogramshaped arcuate section cut from a cylindrical shell. In this representative embodiment, the flotation elements were cut from a cylindrical tube of the material having the strength and buoyancy characteristic of the material commercially known as Syntactic Foam" manufactured by 3-M Company of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The exact type of syntactic foam selected is governed by the stresses that the cable will be subjected to as well as the amount of buoyancy required per unit length of cable. Two suitable foams will be discussed below. An alternate method of forming the individual flotation elements is to cast them in a suitably-shaped mold having the proper cross-sectional configuration to achieve the same result.

Irrespective of which method offormation is chosen, the flotation elements are arranged to define a helical spiraling flotation strip having adjacent end portions separated by a similarly spiraling void 13a. The strip is fashioned by bonding adjacent flotation elements onto a flexible backing 14. Having the flotation elements bonded onto the backing prior to assembling the cable greatly simplifies the cable's final assembly process. The backing optionally is modifiable to waterproof the interior of the cable as well as serving as a support basis for shielding as will be elaborated on below.

posed in the void 1321 located in the helieally reaching flotation strip. The compliant strip is a rubber-like material preferably bonded in place as a part of the flotation strip and, because it has resilient compressive and elastic stretching properties, the composite cable possesses a flexibility to allow its storage on a drum or to responsively follow a remotely deployable device. The compliant strip is either bonded onto adjacent flotation elements or is bonded onto the flexible backing or a combination of both as the situation demands.

Further protection and final waterproofing of the cable is ensured by the inclusion of an outer sheath 16. Polyvinylcloride long has demonstrated its aptness for this purpose and is selected to provide a smooth, rugged outer surface which is resistant to routine abuse.

One of the immediately apparent benefits of the aforedescribed design is owed to the location of helically mounted flotation strip 12. The discrete flotation elements 13 collectively provide a continuous armorlike barrier to sharp objects which might penetrate sheath 16. Thus, the insulated electrical conductors,

fiber optic bundle, and hydraulic ducts are less vulnerableto damage and the reliability of the cable is increased. Furthermore, because each flotation element is a discrete, separate unit, damage to one or a few does not impair the buoyancy capabilities of the other elements.

Optionally, the embodiment of FIG. I lends itself for further modification by the inclusion of a fine wiremesh or foil layer 17 either inside of or outside of the flotation strip to provide shielding from spurious, remotely originating signals. When electrical conductors 11 each serve as conduits for low power signals, the problems associated with cross-talk between adjacent conductors are minimal. In such cases, only a single shielding 17 carried outside of the plurality of electrical conductors electrically isolates them all from the remotely originating spurious signals.

Having the cable arranged as disclosed allows a designer considerable latitude in determining the relative buoyancy of the cable. Information regarding the buoyancy per unit volume of the syntactic foam is readily available from tables. The 3-M Company ofMinneapolis, Minnesota markets standard and high strength syntactic foam under the trade designation Scotch Ply XV241. The standard foam weighs 38 pounds per cubic foot, and for the cubic foot of seawater displaced, a net buoying force of 28 pounds per cubic foot is exerted. Because the uniaxial compressive strength and hydrostatic crush point of this foam exceeds 9,000 pounds per square inch, a cable fashioned to include suitably dimensioned flotation elements for neutral buoyancy remains intact or crushproof at a depth in excess of 18,000 feet. By merely selecting the properly dimensioned flotation elements, the cable's neutral buoyancy is maintained and the cable's weight does not load instrumentation or undersea craft.

Using the high strength syntactic foam of the type identified above allows the fabrication of suitably dimensioned syntactic flotation elements 13. having a density of 44 pounds per cubic foot and a bulkmodulus of 450,000 PSI. The net buoying force of a cubic foot of this high strength syntactic foam is 22 pounds per cubic foot in seawater. The higher strength syntactic foam has a higher uniaxial compressive strength of 13,500 pounds per square inch and an evenhigher hydrostatic crush point, giving an operational depth of greater than 27,000 feet. Thus, a submersible having an inspection vehicle tethered by this cable would experience no appreciable change in buoying or sinking forces between the to 27,000 foot level and reliable, safer operations are ensured.

An alternate embodiment of the basic concept depicted in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. Here again, a plurality of insulated electrical conductors 11 and other conduits such as a fiber optic bundle tin and hydraulic lines 11b and He helically wind and run the entire length of the cable. In addition, an outer sheath 16 including, if desired, an interposed wire mesh or foil shielding l7 encloses and protects the cable throughout its length. Plastic flller 11' fills space created as the elements are assembled. In this embodiment, an axially disposed flotation core 18 assures neutral or the desired degree of buoyancy. The core arranges a series of oblong flotation pellets 19 having rounded ends 19a in an elongate flexible member 20. The flexible member is, in one design, an elongate cylinder of silicon rubber in which the adjacent rounded ends 19a of adjacent pellets are separated by a solid portion 20a of molded silicon rubber. Since the oblong flotation pellets are rigid, the solid portions of molded rubber allow flexure of the flotation core giving the cable a capability for storage on a drum and for trailing a tethered vehicle while it is being maneuvered.

The flotation pellets are made of syntactic foam of the sort previously mentioned or they optionally are closed hollow shells of lightweight, high strength material such as glass. Also, for convenience in manufacture and assembly, the pellets may be connected one to another by some type of ligature.

From even a casual inspection of the embodiment of FIG. 2, a need for providing a tensile strength member is apparent. Obviously, tensile strength is not inherent in flotation core 18 for the oblong flotation pellets and I weight is uneffected by changing depths since the matethe elongate flexible member do not mechanically cooperate to possess impressive tensile strength properf opposed to lighter weight aluminum conductors, additional buoyancy must be provided by the flotation core to offset the added weight.

A weight reduction in flotation core 18 itself is owed to the substitution of polyisoprene rubber or polyethylene in place of the silicon rubber. Since polyisoprene has a specific gravity of 0.93 and polyethylene has a specific gravity of between 0.91 and 0.93 as opposed to a minimum specific gravity of 1.1 for silicon rubber, any sacrifice in flexibility is compensated by the increasing buoying effect of the flotation core.

Helically extending electrical conductors ll wound about the flotation core do not destroy the preset buoyancy of the cable when heavy tensile loads are borne. The relative noncompressibility of the syntactic foam or glass shell flotation pellets resists deformation even if severe tensile forces are brought to bear.

In both the embodiments, the predesigned dimensions of flotation strip 12 or flotation core 18 establish the relative weight of the overall cable. This relative rials used to fabricate elements 13 and flotation pellets 19 are relatively incompressible within thier design limits. However, because ofthe expense of the two designs thusly described, the less expensive configuration depicted in FIG. 3 evolved.

In this design, a rugged sheath 16 of polyvinylcloride encases the entire length of the cable. Optionally, the wire mesh or foil shielding I7 is interposed to guard against the transmission of spurious signals. A nonporous elongate rubber or plastic insulation 22 is disposed inwardly of the shielding to serve the dual function of presenting a streamlined filling for the sheath and to act as a protective buffer for a coaxially disposed flotation tubing 23.

The flotation tubing serves as the threefold purpose of being a means for simultaneously functioning as an electric conductor, the tensile load bearing member, and provides flotation to greatly contribute toward the reduced cost per unit length. The flotation tubing shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b is formed by either of two methods and by these methods of the formation, a series of closed compartments 2d and 25 are separated by interposed closed sections 26 or 27, in FIGS. 40 and 4b respectively.

The method of formation used to define the closed compartments and closed sections calls for swaging the flotation tubing together at predetermined intervals. The compartmented tubing shown in FIG. 4a and 4a" is produced with a rotating swage which causes the inner wall of the tubing to be forced inwardly together and a closure is created at an area designated closed section 26. As a consequence of the roll-forming used to close the individual sections to define discrete, closed compartments, the cross-sectional area of the tubing usually is reduced by the swaging action at the closure points. The smaller cross-sectional areas provide higher electrical resistance and are necessarily weaker areas which could fail under tensile loading.

It has been found to be more expedient to create the closed compartments and sections by crimping and pressure welding the flotation tubing as portrayed in FIGS. 4a, 4a, and 4a". This method ensures relatively constant electrical resistance per unit length and uniform tensile load bearing capacity throughout the length of the flotation tubing by multi-fold axial symmetric crimping and pressure welding the crimped walls together to define closed sections 27. In the rep resentative embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4b et sequence, a crimping tool having six axially symmetric swage bars simultaneously exerts radially inwardly converging forces toward the axis offlotation tubing 23. As the inner wall of the flotation tubing folds against itself, three radially extending surfaces 28, 29, and 30 are forcefully pressed together, see FIG. 4b. As the crimping tool exerts a greater pressure, the radially disposed surfaces are pressed together more forcefully and the abutting surfaces represented by phantom lines for surfaces 28, 29, and 30 become pressure welded together. Pressure welding of metals, especially identical metals, occurs when intense pressure alone causes the forma tion of ionic bonds between adjacent molecules of the metal. After a sufficient crimping pressure has been exerted for a predetermined period of time, and perhaps aided by external heat, the pressure welded material at the juncture of the crimped inner walls lying along the radially extending surfaces 28, 29, and 30 becomes integrally fused to possess the same structural identity and characteristics as does a solid piece of material. Because of the intensity of the crimping force, the crimped closed section 27 has a homogeneous, integral composition. A previously defined axis 31 of the flotation tubing similarly is sealed shut throughout the closed sections by the pressure welded interconnection and complete isolation of the serially-arranged closed compartments 25 is ensured. An advantage of using this crimping method is that there is no reduction of the cross-sectional area across the closed sections and, therefore, there is no weakening of the flotation tubings tensile strength as might be the case when the closed sections are rolled together as disclosed above. While the rotary swaging process tended to extrude or stretch the dimensions of the closed sections, the crimping approach maintains the cross-sectional area across the closed section substantially identical with the cross-sectional area across the closed compartments. A flotation tubing fashioned in accordance with respect to the latter disclosed method affords an acceptable degree of flexure or bending across the closed sections 27. The crimping or crimping-swaging operation may be mechanical or thermomechanical process but a more advanced procedure employs a magnetoswaging technique.

A representative embodiment of a neutrally buoyant cable fabricated to include a flotation tubing 23 employed a soft round drawn aluminum tube marketed under the commercial designation "Alcoa Alloy 50500." With this particular type tubing it was found that sealed lengths of unmodified tubing float when the ratio of the outer diameter to the wall thickness is approximately 9.7:l. Neutral buoyancy for a sample of compartmented tubing was achieved when the ratio of the outer diameter to the wall thickness of the unmodified tubing equaled H.911. In practice, however, neutral buoyancy in the tubing alone is not always achieved or desired, and smaller outer diameter to thickness ratios are often used. For example, a ratio of only :1 was utilized in one eompartmented aluminum tubing conductor. Here the dimensions were 0.125 inch outside diameter by 0.025 inch thick wall. With these dimensions, the length of a sloping shoulder 32 reaching between a closed compartment 25 and a closed section 27 typically had a longitudinal length equal to the tubing's outer diameter divided by two. A closed compartment having an overall length from the midpoint of one closed section 27 to the next closed section 27 spanned a distance equal to five times the outer diameter of the tubing. Fashioned in this manner, the 0.125 outer diameter tubing fails in compression only after it is subjected to pressures in excess of 3,200 pounds per square inch. If this alloy is brought to a half-hard condition, a collapse pressure of 9,600 pounds per square inch is attained. Thus, even the more flexible annealed tubing having the 3,200 pound per square inch collapse pressure retains its structural integrity at depths in excess of 6,400 feet.

Because there is substantially no reduction in the cross-sectional area across each of the crimped closed sections 27, the cross-sectional area throughout the length of the flotation tubing is constant. The material of the aluminum tubing referred to above, the Alcoa Alloy 5050-0 material, has a work-hardening, tensilestrength-lowering when the tensile forces exerted across it exceed 21 X pound per square inch. The

0.125 inch outer diameter aluminum tubing used in our example has a cross-sectional area sufficient to provide a 165 pound tensile strength before work hardening begins. Therefore, even the small diameter aluminum used in the instant example has more than sufficient strength for serving as the structural member reaching between a submersible and a small tethered vehicle. in addition, the highly satisfactory, electrically conductive properties of the aluminum tubing are advantageously exploited in this design. Larger diarnetered or thicker walled tubings as well as multi-conductor cables utilizing such compartmented tubing are adaptable for being the tensile load bearing member under more adverse conditions.

In all adaptations where the constant-buoyancy advantages of relatively high-displacement compartmented tubing 23 is employed, it is necessary to provide a void-free conformal rubber or plastic insulation.

22 of uniform outer shape which electrically insulates the tubing. Selecting polyethylene or polyisoprene as the insulation 22 allows sufficient flexibility, protects the electrical signal carrying flotation tubing 23, and meets the conventional requirements for good cable design. Because of its relatively low specific gravity of 0.91 to 0.93 additional buoyancy is provided. Also, multiple, but electrically isolated, conductors 11 are laminated or molded into the plastic insulation should the need arise. Outer sheath l6 and shielding 17 are optional.

in all of the disclosed embodiments neutral buoyancy is ensured by the routine sizing and location of discrete flotation elements not influenced by changing ambient pressures. Since there is no common fluid connection between adjacent elements or compartments, should one of them become damaged, it is that oneand that one alone that is flooded or rendered unserviceable.

A hybrid design is shown in FlG. 5. lnthis design, a flotation tubing 23 is substituted in place of wire or fiber glass rope 10 of the embodiment of P16. 1. The flotation tubing will assist the helically mounted flotation strip 12 in providing buoyancy and will also provide an additional channel for power or data. Functioning in conjunction with a shielding 17 the flotation tubing also introduces a coaxial cable capability with no sacrifice in complexity.

Another combination of flotation elements shown in FIG. 5 modifies the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. in this modification the buoying capacity of flotation core 18 is augmented by a juxtaposed flotation tubing 23. Here again, the flotation tubing provides buoyancy and an additional channel for power or data.

Both the flotation core and the flotation tubing could be added in either modification depicted in FIGS. 5 or 6 should the need arise. With the foregoing teachings in mind, any combination of electrical cables, fiber optic bundles, hydraulic lines, flotation strips, cores or What is claimed is:

1. A cable for marine applications comprising:

means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor;

means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means and co-axially disposed about the providing means protecting it from external damage, said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity and fabricated for being relatively non-deformable by changing ambient pressures and a compliant strip is interposed between said buoyant sections to allow flexibility.

2. A cable according to claim 1 in which said buoyant sections are mounted on a backing strip prior to cable assembly.

3. A cable according to claim 2 in which said compliant strip is optionally mounted on said backing strip.

4. A cable according to claim 1 in which said providing means includes a wire rope enabling said continuous tensile strength and insulated wires functioning as said electrical conduit.

5. A cable according to claim 1 in which said providing means includes an elongate electrically conducting tubing having sequential closures at regular intervals to further define said discrete buoyant sections and said encasing means includes electrical shielding cooperating with said elongate tubing to form a coaxial cable.

6. A cable for marine applications comprising:

means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, water proofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water ofa stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant section together to further ensure flexibility.

'7. A cable according to claim 1 in which at least some of said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic character- 5 istics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water ofa stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by chang ing ambient pressures, at least some of said buoyant sections are hollow, pressure-proof flotation elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant sections together to further ensure flexibility.

9. A cable according to claim 1 in which at least some of said buoyant sections are hollow, pressure-proof flotation elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant sections together to further ensure said flexibility.

it). A cable according to claim 6 in which said providing means is at least one wire laid adjacent said elements.

H. A cable according to claim 8 in which said providing means is at least one'wire laid adjacent said elements.

12. A cable for marine applications comprising:

means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor;

means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for case in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sec tions longitudinally spaced within the encasing.

ancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nonileforn'iuble by changing ambient pressures, said providing means is at least partially provided by an elongate electricallyconducting tubing formed iwth spun-closed sequential sections spaced at regular intervals to define a series of bending points ensuring flexibility and to define said discrete buoyant sections ensuring predetermined buoyancy.

13. A cable according to claim 12 in which the crosssectional area of said closure sections is less than the cross-sectional area of said elongate tubing where it encloses said buoyant sections.

14. A cable for marine applications comprising:

means for providing continuous tensiie strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor;

means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabri cated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said'providing means is an elongate electrically conducting tubing formed with crimped, pressure welded closure sections at regular intervals to define a series of bending points ensuring flexibility and to define said discrete buoyant sections ensuring predetermined buoyancy. 15. A cable according to claim 14 in which the crosssectional area of said closure sections is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of said elongate tubing where it encloses said buoyant sections to ensure constant tensile strength and uniform electrical resistivity throughout the length of said cable.

16. A cable according to claim 15 that includes at least one fiber-optic bundle.

17. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor;

means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections include at least one flotation strip of syntactic foam flotation elements, at least one flotation core of oblong syntactic foam flotation pellets, and at least one flotation tubing having spun closed compartments for providing thedesired electrical, mechanical and buoyancy characteristics.

18. A cable for marine applications comprising:

means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor;

means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and

means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by chang ing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections include at least one flotation strip of syntactic foam elements, at least one flotation core of hollow pressure-proof elements flexibly joined by a nonporous bonding agent, and at least one flotation tubing having crimped, pressure welded sections defining a series of closed compartments forproviding the desired electrical, mechanical, and buoyancy characteristics.

19. A cable according to claim 1 further including:

a plastic filler disposed within said encasing means to fill spaces not occupied by said providing means and said buoyant sections for ensuring said neutral buoyancy irrespective of changing ambient pressures. 

1. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means and co-axially disposed about the providing means protecting it from external damage, said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity and fabricated for being relatively non-deformable by changing ambient pressures and a compliant strip is interposed between said buoyant sections to allow flexibility.
 2. A cable according to claim 1 in which said buoyant sections are mounted on a backing strip prior to cable assembly.
 3. A cable according to claim 2 in which said compliant strip is optionally mounted on said backing strip.
 4. A cable according to claim 1 in which said providing means includes a wire rope enabling said continuous tensile strength and insulated wires functioning as said electrical conduit.
 5. A cable according to claim 1 in which said providing means includes an elongate electrically conducting tubing having sequential closures at regular intervals to further define said discrete buoyant sections and said encasing means includes electrical shielding cooperating with said elongate tubing to form a coaxial cable.
 6. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant section together to further ensure flexibility.
 7. A cable according to claim 1 in which at lEast some of said buoyant sections are syntactic foam elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant sections together to further ensure said flexibility.
 8. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, at least some of said buoyant sections are hollow, pressure-proof flotation elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant sections together to further ensure flexibility.
 9. A cable according to claim 1 in which at least some of said buoyant sections are hollow, pressure-proof flotation elements arranged in series and a nonporous bonding agent flexibly joins sequential ones of the buoyant sections together to further ensure said flexibility.
 10. A cable according to claim 6 in which said providing means is at least one wire laid adjacent said elements.
 11. A cable according to claim 8 in which said providing means is at least one wire laid adjacent said elements.
 12. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said providing means is at least partially provided by an elongate electrically-conducting tubing formed with spun-closed sequential sections spaced at regular intervals to define a series of bending points ensuring flexibility and to define said discrete buoyant sections ensuring predetermined buoyancy.
 13. A cable according to claim 12 in which the cross-sectional area of said closure sections is less than the cross-sectional area of said elongate tubing where it encloses said buoyant sections.
 14. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said providing means is an elongate electrically conducting tubing formed with crimped, pressure welded closure sections at regular intervals to define a series of bending points ensuring flexibility and to define said discrete buoyant sections ensuring predetermined buoyancy.
 15. A cable according to claim 14 in which the cross-sectional area of said closure sections is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of said elongate tubing wHere it encloses said buoyant sections to ensure constant tensile strength and uniform electrical resistivity throughout the length of said cable.
 16. A cable according to claim 15 that includes at least one fiber-optic bundle.
 17. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections include at least one flotation strip of syntactic foam flotation elements, at least one flotation core of oblong syntactic foam flotation pellets, and at least one flotation tubing having spun closed compartments for providing the desired electrical, mechanical and buoyancy characteristics.
 18. A cable for marine applications comprising: means for providing continuous tensile strength having a flexibility to allow use of reels and curved storage and for additionally providing an electrical conductor; means encasing the providing means disposed on said providing means for electrically insulating, waterproofing and mechanically protecting it for ease in handling and satisfactory hydrodynamic characteristics; and means defining a plurality of discrete buoyant sections longitudinally spaced within the encasing means, particularly sized to ensure neutral buoyancy in water of a stated specific gravity, and fabricated for being relatively nondeformable by changing ambient pressures, said buoyant sections include at least one flotation strip of syntactic foam elements, at least one flotation core of hollow pressure-proof elements flexibly joined by a nonporous bonding agent, and at least one flotation tubing having crimped, pressure welded sections defining a series of closed compartments for providing the desired electrical, mechanical, and buoyancy characteristics.
 19. A cable according to claim 1 further including: a plastic filler disposed within said encasing means to fill spaces not occupied by said providing means and said buoyant sections for ensuring said neutral buoyancy irrespective of changing ambient pressures. 